巴西光伏市场可能连续第二年出现下滑。巴西光伏协会(ABSolar)预计,2026年新增装机量将降至10.6GW,较2024年的15GW减少24%。该机构警告称,因削减电量未获补偿、高融资成本及自发电系统接入受限等问题,市场信心受挫,投资与就业或将双双下降。
大型光伏项目因限电而未获赔偿遭受经济损失;中小型光伏系统则面临并网障碍,电网运营方常以“潮流反转风险”为由拒绝接入,阻碍消费者自发清洁电力。
ABSolar指出,巴西投资环境面临多重压力,包括高达15%的年利率、汇率波动及光伏设备高额进口税,这些均限制了新投资。
协会预测,2026年光伏新增投资额将降至 318亿巴西雷亚尔(约58亿美元),低于2025年的约400亿雷亚尔。就业岗位预计从2025年的 39.65万个 减至 31.99万个;行业收入也将从2025年的 130亿雷亚尔 降至 约105亿雷亚尔。
截至2026年底,巴西累计光伏装机预计将突破 75.9GW,其中住宅与商业系统 51.8GW,大型并网电站 24.1GW。
ABSolar计划在2026年总统选举前向候选人提交建议,呼吁对限电损失提供补偿、简化中小自发电系统接入流程,并建立储能监管框架以缓解市场瓶颈。
协会还将继续与政府及电力行业合作,推动输配电基础设施建设、优化系统运行、完善储能容量储备竞拍机制(LRCAP)、分布式电力定价改革及电力市场制度现代化。
尽管市场增长放缓,光伏仍是巴西新增发电的主力能源,占 2025年截至11月新增装机量的68%,涵盖集中式与分布式发电。
作者:LÍVIA NEVES
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