用一粒（黑色和白色）颗粒制成的太阳能电池吸收器的显微图像及其相应的化学分析所显示出的镓（橙色）和铟（紫色）的浓度。
卢森堡大学
卢森堡大学的一个研究小组发现， 钠不会降低铟和镓本身的扩散，但会阻碍晶界分离造成的晶粒间扩散。这一发现将改变20年来人们对太阳能电池制造化学工艺的假设。
钠的作用是抑制镓铟混合。目前惯常的电池制造工艺是在光线吸收层的生长过程结束后加入钠。但科学家们认为如果吸收体为一粒颗粒，就能在生长过程中加入钠，这将有利于元素的均匀分布。可以用不同的方法以及“更苛刻的制作策略”在电池的光线吸收层上加入钠。
科学家们还认为，对掺杂介导原子扩散机制的深入理解，应该会引导出更有效的化学和电钝化策略，以及更高效的太阳能电池。钠的添加具有均质化每个颗粒内部元素和减缓颗粒间相互作用的同质化的双重效果。
这些见解被认为有可能带来电池制造工艺的提升。
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