由沙特伊玛目阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·本·费萨尔大学牵头的研究团队，对干旱海岸环境中不同粉尘成分对光伏组件性能的影响进行了实验研究。研究对象包括蒙脱石、高岭石、膨润土以及自然粉尘四种类型。
研究指出，不同矿物结构会导致光伏性能下降机理不同，这对于干旱沿海地区制定清洗策略或选择防污涂层具有重要意义。例如，在富含钙质粉尘环境中，应优先使用疏水涂层来减少湿度驱动下的粉尘粘结；而富铁粉尘区域则可能需要更强的耐热材料以应对温升效应。
试验在沙特波斯湾沿岸城市朱拜勒进行。试验使用一块20W多晶硅组件，测试期间为2025年9月9日至9月29日。粉尘沉积密度从1.0 g/m²递增至约7.0 g/m²，分别记录每阶段的性能变化。
团队表示，通过SEM-EDX矿物分析发现，自然粉尘在二氧化硅含量25.37%、氧化钙含量30.52%的情况下，在6 g/m²沉积量时诱发了高达48%的发电损失，主要源于光散射与吸湿性胶结导致的固结层难以自然清除。
此外，相对湿度是加剧发电衰减的重要因素。当湿度超过60%时，粉尘层从可逆附着向难以清除的“固结层”转变，使效率下降15%至30%。
团队表示，空气质量指数（AQI）与效率衰减之间的负相关关系比湿度本身更强。在AQI超过160时，即使粉尘沉积仅3–4 g/m²，效率也会降至10%以下。
相关研究发表于《Journal of Materials Research and Technology》期刊，参与单位包括沙特伊玛目阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·本·费萨尔大学、埃及原子能机构及开罗艾因·夏姆斯大学。
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