几种染料敏化太阳能电池。
Wikimedia Commons/Ronald vera saavedra colombia (bogota) ISE
英属哥伦比亚大学和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究人员们正在研究利用卤族元素提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能。
研究人员表示，使用卤族元素有可能将染料敏化电池的转换效率提高25%，因为这些元素在此类电池中的存在能够加速电解质和半导体之间的电子转移。
他们在实验中使用了含氟、溴、氯和碘的四种不同染料，并用X射线吸收光谱法观察了整个过程。研究还表明，较大的卤素在加速电子转移方面有更好的表现，而含碘染料通过电解质的再生速度几乎快了三倍。
卤素并不是太阳能电池研究中的重点。它们只能形成存在时间不到10微秒的微弱瞬态键，且只占太阳电池中所有原子的一小部分。研究人员对这些键可以在太阳能转换中造成显著差异而欣喜不已。
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